在考研作文阅卷过程中，阅卷老师一般先根据作文结构给出基本分，然后根据用词和句式方面的好坏进行加减分。
单词和短语是文章最基本的组成单位。用词是否出彩在一定程度上决定了文章是否能得高分。
要想用对词，一般需要遵循以下原则：无重复原则、词义具体化原则、短语优先原则。
01无重复原则
在表达同一意思时，英语写作中经常会出现在同一文章中反复使用同一个单词或短语的情况，这就是我们通常所说的重复。除了修辞上的需要，重复使用某个单词或短语容易给阅卷老师留下词汇匮乏的印象。
例如：
名词重复 It is advisable to take a good attitude because attitude is a guarantee for our success.
动词重复 I like reading while my brother likes playing football.
形容词重复 The drawing, profound as it is, does illustrate a profound social phenomenon that...
为避免用词的重复，可采用以下方法：省略;代词替换;同义词、反义词、派生词替换。
省略是避免重复最主要的方法。它可以节省词语，使句子结构更紧凑，还可以有效避免名词、动词、形容词的重复。
例如：Jack needn't stay here, but George must (stay here).
代词替换这种方法主要用于解决名词的重复问题。
例如：It is advisable to take a good attitude because attitude is a guarantee for our success.可改为：It is advisable to take a good attitude because it is a guarantee for our success.
同义词、反义词、派生词转换：英语中，人们常常用同义词代替上文出现过的词，以求避免用词重复，体现文采，这种语言现象被称作“求雅变异”。恰当运用同义词不仅可以体现雅致的文风，还有利于增强段落的统一性和连贯性。
以下文为例：
Last but not least, a number of people keep on learning simply because the activity itself brings enormous fun. Do you remember the joy of solving a difficult equation on your own as a student? Do you remember the pleasure of touching those greatest immortal souls by reading classics? Do you remember the excitement when you finally learned a skill after trying dozens of times? These experiences remind us of how much fun the learning has, and it would be a great loss if we did not continue.
该段落通顺流畅、浑然一体。这里真正起到衔接作用的一是三个以“Do you remember”开头的排比句，形式上的工整起到前后呼应的作用;二是近义词。借助与主题句中的关键词“fun”语义上的密切联系，joy, pleasure, excitement彼此间相互呼应，从而使整个论述部分紧紧围绕中心，直接支持论点。
02词义具体化原则
词义具体化就是指写作过程中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词，要根据语境使用具体、生动的词。
考生作文中常见的一大问题正是宽泛词用得过多，论述浮于表面，不够细致深入。
以下文为例：
Secondly, doing some social practice, such as some volunteering work, can improve college students' practical abilities. It will create more opportunities for college students to communicate with various kinds of people, strengthen the students' confidence of expressing their own ideas and improve their practical abilities.
该文章由于选用宽泛词，没有深入挖掘展示social practice和practical abilities的具体内容，因此段落并没有真正展开，只有骨头没有肉，打动不了阅卷老师。与之相反，下文通过用大量明确、具体的词来论述主题句中的关键内容，可以给阅卷老师留下深刻印象。
Secondly, through some social practice college students can improve their practical abilities. They can learn how to bargain, negotiate, and compromise in finding a part-time job; they can learn how to lead, motivate, and compliment their followers when organizing a campus event; they can learn how to release pressure, compose themselves and give the best performance in the face of a demanding speech contest. By joining social activities, college students can develop their communication skills and problem-solving abilities.
上面的考生作文对social practice的内容具体展开，用排比句具体阐述了学生熟悉的三种社会实践场景：寻找兼职、组织校园活动和参加演讲比赛。考生也没有空洞地说提高practical abilities，而是把practical abilities的内容根据以上提到的三种社会实践场景具体化，如communication skills和problem-solving abilities。把宽泛的内容具体化能使论证更加充分，更容易打动阅卷老师，得到高分。
03短语优先原则
在写作中使用短语是彰显自己作文功底的一种方法。使用短语替换单词具有两大优势：
①使文章更为地道，增加亮点。
②增加字数。
常见的单词转化成短语的方法有：
(一)形容词变短语方法：of+同根名词
常见的形容词及对应短语如下：
(二)动词变短语方法：同义短语替换
常见的动词和对应动词短语如下:
