2016年12月四六级真题及答案
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点击查看：2016年12月英语六级考试答案(卷二)
【题目】
Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
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2016年12月英语六级考试真题(卷二)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
材料题二
Are We in an Innovation Lull?
[A]Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year-or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones(无人机),3D printers, virtual reality goggles(眼镜)and more "smart" devices than you could ever hope to catalog. Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to think: Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)?
[B]In some ways, the answer is yes, For years, smartphones, television, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves-or shrinking markets in some cases-as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies-the drones, 3D printers and smart-home devices of the world-now seem a bit too old to be called "the next big thing."
[C]Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now, "There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come," said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In this eyes, however, that doesn't necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. "Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents," Shapiro said.
[D]For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience , because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal, Take the evolution of the smart home, for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error message from your door lock.
[E]Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems. "The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful." said economist Shawn DuBravac works for CTA-which puts on the show each year-and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.
[F]"So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets," said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. "But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest from factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life." Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical. Fitbit, for example, released its first smartwatch Monday, selling with a clear purpose-to improve your fitness-and promoting it as a "tool, not a toy." Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple's iOS, Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows phone.
[G]That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all. Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were. For example, when asked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year, only 48 percent said yes-a six-point drop from 2015.
[H]And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.
[I]Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of "Why do I need that?"-or, perhaps more tellingly, "Why do you need to know that?"-dogs the steps of many new ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example-an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats(恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.
[J]According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concern about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind, 37 percent future. A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information backed.
[K]That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year's list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportations Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.
[L]Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. "There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it," he said, "Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them."
37.【题干】Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.
【答案】D
【解析】
“[D]For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience , because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal, Take the evolution of the smart home, for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smart phone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error message from your door lock.”
38.【题干】This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.
【答案】K
【解析】[K]That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year's list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transliterations Secretary Anthony Fox, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.
39.【题干】The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.
【答案】B
【解析】[B]"In some ways, the answer is yes, For years, smart phones, television, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves-or shrinking markets in some cases-as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies-the drones, 3D printers and smart-home devices of the world-now seem a bit too old to be called "the next big thing."
40.【题干】One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.
【解析】[L]Cur ran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. "There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it," he said, "Technology is becoming bigger and more aspiration, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them."
41.【题干】The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.
【答案】F
【解析】[F]So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets," said John Cur ran, managing director of research at Accenture. "But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest from factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life." Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a As Vegas stage, have a different bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical. Fit bit, for example, released its first smart watch Monday, selling with a clear purpose-to improve your fitness-and promoting it as a "tool, not a toy." Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple's DOS, Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows phone.”
笔记
42.【题干】Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show.
【答案】A
【解析】[A]Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year-or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones(无人机),3D printers, virtual reality goggles(眼镜)and more "smart" devices than you could ever hope to catalog. Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to think: Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)?
43.【题干】Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products are services.
【答案】J
【解析】[J]According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concern about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind, 37 percent future. A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information backed.
44.【题干】The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.
【答案】E
【解析】[E]Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems. "The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful." said economist Shawn Bravado works for CTA-which puts on the show each year-and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.
45.【题干】Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.
【答案】I
【解析】[I]Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of "Why do I need that?"-or, perhaps more tellingly, "Why do you need to know that?"-dogs the steps of many new ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smart watch in 2016, for example-an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smart watches can make up ground for maturing smart phone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats(恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.
46.【题干】The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market.
【答案】C
【解析】[C]Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now, "There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come," said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In this eyes, however, that doesn't necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. "Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents," Shapiro said.
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Passage One
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.
But that isn't why the government-under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party-has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂).
Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的)duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.
So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.
Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.
The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.
47.【题干】What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?
【选项】
A.Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.
B.It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.
C.Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.
D.It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.
48.【题干】What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?
【选项】
A.Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.
B.Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.
C.Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.
D.Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.
49.【题干】What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?
【选项】
A.Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.
B.The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.
C.The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.
D.Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK
50.【题干】Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?
【选项】
A.Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.
B.There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.
C.Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.
D.Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.
51.【题干】What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?
【选项】
A.They fueled a lot of controversy.
B.They attracted a of smokers.
C.They made more British people obese.
D.They had certain ingredients missing.
Passage Two
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What a waste of money! In return for an average of £44,000of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from £1,000 to £9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.
No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks(骗术)There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.
Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little-if any-of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning &21,000 a year. Almost half of graduates-those who go on to earn less-will have a portion of their debt written off. It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.
Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures(兀鹰).Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e" an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.
Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at i top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university-and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.
52.【题干】What is the author's opinion of going to university?
【选项】
A.It is worthwhile after all.
B.It is simply a waste of time.
C.It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.
D.It is too expensive for most young people.
53.【题干】Whatdoesthe author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?
【选项】
A.Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.
B.It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.
C.Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.
D.Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.
54.【题干】What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?
【选项】
A.Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.
B.Practical skills they will need in their future careers.
C.Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.
D.Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.
55.【题干】What is said to be an advantage of going to university?
【选项】
A.Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.
B.Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.
C.Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.
D.Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.
56.【题干】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
【选项】
A.It natural for students to make complaints about university education.
B.Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.
C.University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.
D.The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.
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随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之一。近年来，中国大学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015年，近40万国际学生蜂拥来到中国市场。他们学习的科目不再限于中国语言和文化，而包括科学与工程。在全球教育市场上，美国和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。