2016年6月四六级真题及答案
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Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions:
1.【题干】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【答案】
It is held by some people that knowledge is power, especially scientific and technological knowledge. Science and technology are the motive power of the social development, which constitute a primary productive force. The use of robots is the produce of development of science and technology.
People’s views on the use of robots vary from person to person. Some hold that human life cannot continue without the use of robots. For many years, human society has developed with the use of science and technology. So the life with the use of robots we are living now is more efficient than that of our fore fathers. They go on to point out that the use of robots has brought about many changes in people‘s life. For example, through the use of robots can improve the work efficiency and avoid dangerous events happening in our life in that we can require robots to do some works with danger instead of human beings.
Science and technology of robots are the crystallization of human wisdom. It brought a glorious past to humanity, also will bring bright future to mankind.
【听力答案 暂无】
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Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. "The adolescent becomes an adult when he_____(27)a real job." To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_____(28).
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to from hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The_____(29)of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become_____(30)of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: "True adaptation to society comes_____(31)when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work."
Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken_____(32)out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh. What he was_____(33), however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of_____(34)， adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents _____(35)about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically____(36)but also help to stimulate the adolescent's sense of worth.
【选项】
A.automatically 自动地;机械地;无意识地
B.beneficial 有益的
C.capturing 捕捉
D.confused 困惑的
E.emphasizing 强调
F.entrance 入口
G.excited 激动的
H.existence 存在
I.incidentally 顺便;偶然地
J.intolerant 无法忍受的
K.occupation 职业;占有
L.promises 承诺
M.recession 衰退;不景气
N.slightly 轻微的
O.undertakes 承担;从事
27.【题干】_____
【答案】O
【解析】
28.【题干】_____
【答案】K
【解析】
29.【题干】_____
【答案】H
【解析】
30.【题干】_____
【答案】J
【解析】
31.【题干】_____
【答案】A
【解析】
32.【题干】_____
【答案】N
【解析】
33.【题干】_____
【答案】E
【解析】
34.【题干】_____
【答案】M
【解析】
35.【题干】_____
【答案】D
【解析】
36.【题干】_____
【答案】B
【解析】
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A]"If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if well-being of the world's people enhanced-not just in this generation but in succeeding generations-we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world's most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C]"The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughtout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janerio Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups-many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review-and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth-such as the oil deposits-that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystem sustainably-working with nature rather than against it-might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H]And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term-which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Bank fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem rebuilding itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet's environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological goods and services-the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services-the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fell, is hard to determine with any precision-which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain the environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priorty is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessary; "In the industrialised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It's simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use for more natural resources-fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country's wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primary in poor parts of the world.
[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
【选项】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
M.M
N.N
O.OL
37.【题干】Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
【答案】I
【解析】
38.【题干】Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
【答案】C
【解析】
39.【题干】It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
【答案】L
【解析】
40.【题干】The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
【答案】D
【解析】
41.【题干】Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
【答案】K
【解析】
42.【题干】It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generations more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
【答案】E
【解析】
43.【题干】Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
【答案】G
【解析】
44.【题干】A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
【答案】A
【解析】
45.【题干】Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations' economic development.
【答案】N
【解析】
46.【题干】One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
【答案】J
【解析】
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Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "it's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Collin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates-especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spot or not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has argued: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
47.【题干】What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years" (Line 4-5, Para.1)?
【选项】
A.Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B.Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C.Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D.Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
【答案】C
【解析】第一段Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "it's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Collin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
48.【题干】What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV advertising program?
【选项】
A.Pretty positive.
B.Totally indifferent.
C.Somewhat doubtful.
D.Rather critical.
【答案】C
【解析】第二段第一句So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism.
49.【题干】What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
【选项】
A.It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B.It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C.It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D.It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
【答案】C
【解析】四五两段
50.【题干】What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?
【选项】
A.It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B.It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C.It helps attract investments in the company.
D.It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
【答案】B
【解析】第四段，观看广告的观众更多且增加了时长。
51.【题干】How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
【选项】
A.They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B.They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C.They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.
D.They indicate the future direction of media reform.
【答案】A
【解析】最后一段Click-through rates have been high so far (around3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty.
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Passage Two
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there're no quick or any answers. There's work to be done, but workers aren't ready to do it-they're in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problem are "structural," and will take many years to solve.
But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn't any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there're no easy answers sounds wise, but it's actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we're mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment——in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I've been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is "unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer." A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs-and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t real problem, it's an excuse——a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
52.【题干】What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?
【选项】
A.Corporate mismanagement.
B.Insufficient demand.
C.Technological advances.
D.Workers' slow adaptation.
【答案】B
【解析】第二段all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand.
53.【题干】What does the author think of the expert's claim concerning unemployment?
【选项】
A.Self-evident.不言而喻的
B.Thought-provoking.发人深省的
C.Irrational 不合理的
D.Groundless.无理由的
【答案】D
【解析】in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
54.【题干】What does the author say helped bring unemployment during the Great Depression?
【选项】
A.The booming defense industry.
B.The wise heads' benefit package.
C.Nationwide training of workers.
D.Thorough restructuring of industries.
【答案】A
【解析】倒数第三段A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs-and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
55.【题干】What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
【选项】
A.Powerful opposition to government's stimulus efforts.
B.Very Serious People's attempt to cripple the economy.
C.Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D.Economists' failure to detect the problem in time.
【答案】A
【解析】倒数第二段，但现在，和当时一样，强大的力量在意识形态上反对通过足够的政府行动的整体思路来启动经济。
56.【题干】What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
【选项】
A.To testify to the experts' analysis of America's problems.
B.To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.
C.To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D.To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
【答案】C
【解析】最后一段As I said, structural unemployment isn’t real problem, it's an excuse——a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
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Part Ⅳ
Translation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
【题干】中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展，为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
【答案】China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models.
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英语四级